Repetitive throwing places severe stress on the elbow joint. The throwing motion stretches the tendons and ligaments on the inner side of the elbow and compresses the structures on the outer side. These forces can damage tissue and bone, especially in young athletes whose bones have not fully matured. Severe throwing injuries may require Tommy John surgery to reconstruct the damaged ligament. Related conditions include growth plate injuries of the elbow and medial apophysitis, both of which commonly affect young throwing athletes.

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